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Minor Second (m2):
Description: The minor second is a half-step or one semitone interval.
Recognizable Example: The first two notes of the "Jaws" theme are a minor second apart, creating a tense and dramatic effect.
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Tritone (A4/d5):
Description: The tritone is six semitones or three whole-steps apart, and it's often considered dissonant.
Recognizable Example: The opening notes of the theme from "The Simpsons" feature a tritone.
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Octave (P8):
Description: The octave is twelve semitones or six whole-steps apart, and it's the same note name at a different register.
Recognizable Example: The famous "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" melody begins with an octave jump.